Ali on Patents

Latest update: . Case: Agriboard International LLC v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs. Doctrine: 'Made Available to the Public'.

Provisions

Section 20(1), Atomic Energy Act 1962

Doctrine Atomic Energy Inventions
Case Huntington Alloys Corporation v Union of India (2026)
Case Ceres Intellectual Property Company Limited v Controller of Patents, Trade Marks and Designs (2022)
Case Raytheon Company v Controller of Patents and Designs (1974)

Section 20(6), Atomic Energy Act 1962

Doctrine Atomic Energy Inventions
Case Huntington Alloys Corporation v Union of India (2026)
Case Raytheon Company v Controller of Patents and Designs (1974)

Biological Diversity Act 2002

Doctrine Genetic Resources, Benefit Sharing and Disclosure of Source

Section 56, Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023

Doctrine Assignment

Section 60(c), Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023

Doctrine Assignment

Budapest Treaty

Doctrine Deposit of Biological Material

Section 3, Competition Act 2002

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Section 3(5)(i)(b), Competition Act 2002

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Section 4, Competition Act 2002

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Section 19, Competition Act 2002

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Section 21, Competition Act 2002

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Section 21A, Competition Act 2002

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Section 62, Competition Act 2002

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Commercial Courts Act 2015

Doctrine Trial and Evidence in Patent Suits

Section 12A, Commercial Courts Act 2015

Case Incyte Holdings Corporation v Melody Healthcare Private Limited (2026)
Case Novartis AG v Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited (2026)

Section 16, Court Fees Act 1870

Case Novartis AG v Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited (2026)

Chapter XVI, Patents Act 1970

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Article 14, Constitution of India

Doctrine Reasoned Orders
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2007)

Article 21, Constitution of India

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)
Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)

Article 47, Constitution of India

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)

Article 226, Constitution of India

Doctrine Writ Jurisdiction in Patent Matters
Case Panacea Biotec Limited v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (2026)
Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)
Case Gunjan Sinha @ Kanishk Sinha v Union of India (2025)
Case The Chinese University of Hong Kong v Assistant Controller of Patents & Designs (2023)
Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)
Case Gilead Sciences Inc v Intellectual Property Appellate Board (2012)
Case Neon Laboratories v Troikaa Pharma (2010)
Case UCB Farchim SA v Cipla Ltd (2010)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2007)

Article 227, Constitution of India

Doctrine Writ Jurisdiction in Patent Matters
Case Ferid Allani v Union of India (2019)
Case AIA Engineering Ltd v Controller of Patents (2006)

Order VI rule 17, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case SERGI Transformers Explosion Prevention Technologies Pvt Ltd v CTR Manufacturing Industries Ltd (2011)

Order VII rule 11, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Novartis AG v Natco Pharma Limited (2020)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)
Case Schneider Electric Industries SA v Telemecanique & Controls (India) Ltd (2000)

Order VIII rule 6A, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case SERGI Transformers Explosion Prevention Technologies Pvt Ltd v CTR Manufacturing Industries Ltd (2011)

Order VIII rule 9, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case SERGI Transformers Explosion Prevention Technologies Pvt Ltd v CTR Manufacturing Industries Ltd (2011)

Order XII rule 6, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Monsanto Technology LLC v Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd (2019)

Order XLVII rule 1, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Arunachalaa Enterprises v R. Sukumar (2026)
Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)

Order XVIII, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Doctrine Trial and Evidence in Patent Suits

Order XXV rule 1(1), Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)

Order XXXIX, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Doctrine The Credible Challenge to Validity

Order XXXIX rule 1, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Incyte Holdings Corporation v Melody Healthcare Private Limited (2026)
Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case Nokia Technologies Oy v Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd (2023)
Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Bristol-Myers Squibb Holdings Ireland Unlimited Company v BDR Pharmaceuticals International Pvt Ltd (2020)
Case Monsanto Technology LLC v Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd (2019)
Case Inphase Power Technologies Private Limited v ABB India Limited (2016)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Intex Technologies (India) Ltd (2015)
Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)
Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)
Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)
Case Schneider Electric Industries SA v Telemecanique & Controls (India) Ltd (2000)
Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)
Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)
Case Franz Xaver Huemer v New Yash Engineers (1996)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)

Order XXXIX rule 2, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Incyte Holdings Corporation v Melody Healthcare Private Limited (2026)
Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case Nokia Technologies Oy v Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd (2023)
Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Bristol-Myers Squibb Holdings Ireland Unlimited Company v BDR Pharmaceuticals International Pvt Ltd (2020)
Case Inphase Power Technologies Private Limited v ABB India Limited (2016)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Intex Technologies (India) Ltd (2015)
Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)
Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)
Case Schneider Electric Industries SA v Telemecanique & Controls (India) Ltd (2000)
Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)

Order XXXIX rule 2A, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)

Order XXXIX rule 3, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Incyte Holdings Corporation v Melody Healthcare Private Limited (2026)

Order XXXIX Rule 4, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Novartis AG v Natco Pharma Limited (2020)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)
Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)

Order XXXIX rule 10, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Nokia Technologies Oy v Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd (2023)

Section 9, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Monsanto Technology LLC v Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd (2019)

Section 10, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Dr Aloys Wobben v Yogesh Mehra (2014)

Section 100A, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Sulzer Mixpac AG v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)

Section 114, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Arunachalaa Enterprises v R. Sukumar (2026)
Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)

Section 115, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case SERGI Transformers Explosion Prevention Technologies Pvt Ltd v CTR Manufacturing Industries Ltd (2011)

Section 129, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case InterDigital Technology Corp v Xiaomi Corp (2020)

Section 151, Code of Civil Procedure 1908

Case Novartis AG v Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited (2026)
Case Geron Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Dr Aloys Wobben v Yogesh Mehra (2014)
Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)
Case Schneider Electric Industries SA v Telemecanique & Controls (India) Ltd (2000)

Clause 4.5, Guidelines for Examination of Computer Related Inventions 2017

Case Kroll Information Assurance LLC v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (2025)

Clause 4.5.2, Guidelines for Examination of Computer Related Inventions 2017

Case Comviva Technologies v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)

Clause 4.5.3, Guidelines for Examination of Computer Related Inventions 2017

Case Kroll Information Assurance LLC v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (2025)

Clause 4.5.4, Guidelines for Examination of Computer Related Inventions 2017

Case Kroll Information Assurance LLC v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (2025)

Delhi High Court Intellectual Property Rights Division Rules 2022

Doctrine Appeals from the Controller
Doctrine Trial and Evidence in Patent Suits
Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)

Chapter VII rule 17, Delhi High Court (Original Side) Rules 2018

Case InterDigital Technology Corp v Xiaomi Corp (2020)

High Court of Delhi Rules Governing Patent Suits 2022

Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)

Rule 2(c), High Court of Delhi Rules Governing Patent Suits 2022

Case Guala Closures SpA v AGI Greenpac Ltd (2024)

Form 3, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Renewal Fees
Case Nokia Technologies Oy v Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd (2023)
Case Raytheon Company v Controller General of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case OpenTV Inc v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)

Form 5, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine The True and First Inventor

Form 8, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine The True and First Inventor

Form 13, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Amendment Before the Controller
Case Panacea Biotec Limited v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (2026)

Form 18, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Request for Examination

Form 27, Patents Rules 2003

Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)

WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge 2024

Doctrine Genetic Resources, Benefit Sharing and Disclosure of Source

Section 21, Indian Evidence Act 1872

Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)

Section 45, Indian Evidence Act 1872

Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)

Section 56, Indian Evidence Act 1872

Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)

Section 101, Indian Evidence Act 1872

Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)

Section 106, Indian Evidence Act 1872

Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)

Section 114, Indian Evidence Act 1872

Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)

Section 145, Indian Evidence Act 1872

Case Bombay Agarwal Co v Ramchand Diwanchand (1952)

Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act 2023

Doctrine The Patents Act 1970 and Its Amendments

Section 5, Limitation Act 1963

Case Gilead Sciences Inc v Intellectual Property Appellate Board (2012)

Clause 13, Letters Patent of the High Court of Madras 1865

Case Arunachalaa Enterprises v R. Sukumar (2026)

Patents (Amendment) Act 1999

Doctrine The Patents Act 1970 and Its Amendments

Patents (Amendment) Act 2002

Doctrine The Patents Act 1970 and Its Amendments
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)

Section 4, Patents (Amendment) Act 2002

Case The Chinese University of Hong Kong v Assistant Controller of Patents & Designs (2023)

Patents (Amendment) Act 2005

Doctrine The Patents Act 1970 and Its Amendments

Article 2, Paris Convention

Doctrine The Paris Convention and Priority

Article 4, Paris Convention

Doctrine The Paris Convention and Priority

Article 4bis, Paris Convention

Doctrine The Paris Convention and Priority

Article 4G, Paris Convention

Case Syngenta Ltd v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Syngenta Ltd v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)

Article 5ter, Paris Convention

Doctrine Foreign Vessels, Aircraft and Vehicles

Section 3A, Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act 1994

Case Sequenom Inc v Controller of Patents (2025)

Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case C. Siddeswaran v R. Shanmugham Pillai (1976)

Section 2(8), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Bishwanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v Hindustan Metal Industries (1978)
Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)
Case Shining Industries v Shri Krishna Industries (1974)
Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)
Case Bombay Agarwal Co v Ramchand Diwanchand (1952)
Case Lallubhai Chakubhai Jariwala v Chimanlal Chunilal & Co (1935)

Section 2(10), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)
Case Bombay Agarwal Co v Ramchand Diwanchand (1952)
Case Lallubhai Chakubhai Jariwala v Chimanlal Chunilal & Co (1935)

Section 2(11), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Bishwanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v Hindustan Metal Industries (1978)

Section 3(3), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Shining Industries v Shri Krishna Industries (1974)
Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)

Section 4(3), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Lallubhai Chakubhai Jariwala v Chimanlal Chunilal & Co (1935)

Section 12, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)

Section 12(1), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)
Case Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd v Vendra Venkanna (1961)

Section 15, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Indian Casablancas High Draft Co v Millowners' Association of Ahmedabad (1934)

Section 15(4), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Indian Casablancas High Draft Co v Millowners' Association of Ahmedabad (1934)

Section 15(5), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Indian Casablancas High Draft Co v Millowners' Association of Ahmedabad (1934)

Section 20, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)

Section 26, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)
Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)
Case V. Manicka Thevar v Star Plough Works (1964)
Case Indian Vacuum Brake Co Ltd v E S Luard (1925)

Section 26(1)(b), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Shining Industries v Shri Krishna Industries (1974)

Section 26(1)(c), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Shining Industries v Shri Krishna Industries (1974)

Section 26(1)(d), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Bishwanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v Hindustan Metal Industries (1978)
Case Bombay Agarwal Co v Ramchand Diwanchand (1952)

Section 26(1)(e), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Bishwanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v Hindustan Metal Industries (1978)
Case Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd v Vendra Venkanna (1961)
Case Bombay Agarwal Co v Ramchand Diwanchand (1952)

Section 26(1)(f), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Bishwanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v Hindustan Metal Industries (1978)
Case Bombay Agarwal Co v Ramchand Diwanchand (1952)

Section 26(2), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Shining Industries v Shri Krishna Industries (1974)

Section 29, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case V. Manicka Thevar v Star Plough Works (1964)
Case Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd v Vendra Venkanna (1961)
Case Lallubhai Chakubhai Jariwala v Chimanlal Chunilal & Co (1935)

Proviso to section 29, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Bishwanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v Hindustan Metal Industries (1978)
Case Bombay Agarwal Co v Ramchand Diwanchand (1952)

Section 29(1), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)
Case Rohtas Industries Ltd v Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd (1953)

Section 29(2), Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Bishwanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v Hindustan Metal Industries (1978)
Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)
Case Shining Industries v Shri Krishna Industries (1974)
Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)
Case Rohtas Industries Ltd v Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd (1953)

Section 30, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)
Case Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd v Vendra Venkanna (1961)

Section 32, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)
Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)

Section 33, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)
Case Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd v Vendra Venkanna (1961)

Section 35, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Indian Vacuum Brake Co Ltd v E S Luard (1925)

Section 38, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Lallubhai Chakubhai Jariwala v Chimanlal Chunilal & Co (1935)

Section 77, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Indian Casablancas High Draft Co v Millowners' Association of Ahmedabad (1934)

Section 78A, Patents and Designs Act 1911

Case Farbwerke Hoechst AG v Unichem Laboratories (1968)

Form 3A, Patents and Designs Rules 1933

Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)

Rule 25, Patents and Designs Rules 1933

Case Indian Casablancas High Draft Co v Millowners' Association of Ahmedabad (1934)

Rule 33, Patents and Designs Rules 1933

Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)

Rule 34, Patents and Designs Rules 1933

Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)

Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act 2001

Doctrine Plants, Animals and Seeds
Case Monsanto Technology LLC v Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd (2019)

Preamble, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Purpose of the Patent Grant

Rule 4, Patents Rules 2003

Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)

Rule 7(2)(c), Patents Rules 2003

Case AIA Engineering Ltd v Controller of Patents (2006)

Rule 13, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Provisional and Complete Specifications

Rule 13(2A), Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Divisional Applications

Rule 13(8), Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Deposit of Biological Material

Rule 20, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine The Patent Cooperation Treaty in Indian Practice

Rule 21, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine The Patent Cooperation Treaty in Indian Practice

Rule 24B, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Examination and the First Examination Report
Doctrine Request for Examination

Rule 24B(5), Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Putting the Application in Order

Rule 24B(6), Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Putting the Application in Order

Rule 26, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Exhibitions and Learned Societies

Rule 28, Patents Rules 2003

Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)

Rule 55, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Pre-grant Opposition

Rule 55(1A), Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Pre-grant Opposition
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)

Rule 55(5), Patents Rules 2003

Case Neon Laboratories v Troikaa Pharma (2010)

Rule 55(6), Patents Rules 2003

Case Neon Laboratories v Troikaa Pharma (2010)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)

Rule 60, Patents Rules 2003

Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)

Rule 62(4), Patents Rules 2003

Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)

Rule 80, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Renewal Fees
Case Gunjan Sinha @ Kanishk Sinha v Union of India (2025)

Rule 81, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine Renewal Fees

r.81–82

Doctrine Amendment Before the Controller

Rule 92, Patents Rules 2003

Doctrine The Register of Patents

Rule 103, Patents Rules 2003

Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)

Rule 130, Patents Rules 2003

Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)

Rule 130(1), Patents Rules 2003

Case AIA Engineering Ltd v Controller of Patents (2006)

Rule 137, Patents Rules 2003

Case Selfdot Technologies (OPC) Pvt Ltd v Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (2023)

Section 2(1)(ac), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Industrial Application and 'Manner of Manufacture'
Doctrine What Constitutes an Invention
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)

Section 2(1)(i), Patents Act 1970

Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Ajay Industrial Corporation v Shiro Kanao (1983)

Section 2(1)(j), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Improvements as Inventions
Doctrine What Constitutes an Invention
Case Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc v Controller of Patents (2026)
Case Sulzer Mixpac AG v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case BlackBerry Limited v Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Ab Initio Technology LLC v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Sequenom Inc v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Syngene International Limited v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Kroll Information Assurance LLC v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (2025)
Case Syngenta Crop Protection AG v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Genmab A/S v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Immunas Pharma Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Vifor (International) Limited v MSN Laboratories Pvt Ltd (2024)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Allergan Inc v Controller of Patents (2023)
Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)
Case Ferid Allani v Union of India (2019)
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2013)
Case Yahoo Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2011)
Case Garware Wall Ropes Ltd v A.I. Chopra (2008)
Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)
Case Ravi Kamal Bali v Kala Tech (2008)
Case Dhanpat Seth v Nil Kamal Plastic Crates Ltd (2007)
Case Dimminaco AG v Controller of Patents and Designs (2002)
Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)
Case Monsanto Company v Coromandal Indag Products (1986)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)

Section 2(1)(ja), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Common General Knowledge
Doctrine Novelty and Obviousness Compared
Doctrine Selection Patents
Doctrine The Definition of Inventive Step
Doctrine The Five-Step Indian Formulation
Doctrine The Person Skilled in the Art
Doctrine The Workshop Improvement Standard
Doctrine What Constitutes an Invention
Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)
Case Array Biopharma Inc v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Calico Life Sciences LLC v Joint Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Deepak Nitrite Limited v Assistant Controller General of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Sulzer Mixpac AG v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case BlackBerry Limited v Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Ab Initio Technology LLC v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Sequenom Inc v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Kroll Information Assurance LLC v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (2025)
Case Comviva Technologies v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Ab Initio Technology LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Genmab A/S v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Decco Worldwide Post Harvest Holdings B.V. v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Allergan Inc v Controller of Patents (2023)
Case Nippon A&L Inc v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Agriboard International LLC v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2022)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2013)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2012)
Case Yahoo Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2011)
Case Garware Wall Ropes Ltd v A.I. Chopra (2008)
Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)
Case Ravi Kamal Bali v Kala Tech (2008)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)
Case Dhanpat Seth v Nil Kamal Plastic Crates Ltd (2007)

Section 2(1)(l), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine 'Made Available to the Public'
Doctrine Enabling Disclosure
Doctrine New Invention and Absolute Novelty
Doctrine Novelty and Obviousness Compared
Doctrine The State of the Art
Doctrine What Constitutes an Invention
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)

Section 2(1)(m), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine What a Patent Is, and What It Is Not
Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)

Section 2(1)(o), Patents Act 1970

Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)

Section 2(1)(q), Patents Act 1970

Case Ravi Kamal Bali v Kala Tech (2008)

Section 2(1)(r), Patents Act 1970

Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)

Section 2(1)(t), Patents Act 1970

Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Dr Aloys Wobben v Yogesh Mehra (2014)
Case Ajay Industrial Corporation v Shiro Kanao (1983)

Section 2(1)(ta), Patents Act 1970

Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)

Section 2(1)(y), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The True and First Inventor

Section 3, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Subject of the Claim Not an Invention
Case Dimminaco AG v Controller of Patents and Designs (2002)
Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)
Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)

Section 3(a), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Frivolous Inventions and Claims Contrary to Natural Laws

Section 3(b), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Public Order and Morality
Case Sequenom Inc v Controller of Patents (2025)

Section 3(c), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Discovery Is Not Invention
Case Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc v Controller of Patents (2026)
Case Genmab A/S v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Immunas Pharma Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)

Section 3(d), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Known Substance and Known Efficacy
Doctrine New Use of a Known Substance
Doctrine Section 3(d) and the Bar on Evergreening
Doctrine Selection Patents
Doctrine Swiss-Form and Purpose-Limited Claims
Case Array Biopharma Inc v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Calico Life Sciences LLC v Joint Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Genmab A/S v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Immunas Pharma Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case Decco Worldwide Post Harvest Holdings B.V. v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Nippon A&L Inc v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Bristol-Myers Squibb Holdings Ireland Unlimited Company v BDR Pharmaceuticals International Pvt Ltd (2020)
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2013)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2012)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2007)
Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)

Explanation to section 3(d), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Bioavailability and Efficacy
Doctrine Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy
Doctrine New Forms of a Known Substance
Doctrine Section 3(d) and the Bar on Evergreening
Case Array Biopharma Inc v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2013)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2007)

Section 3(e), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Mere Admixture
Case Nippon A&L Inc v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)

Section 3(f), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Mere Arrangement or Re-arrangement
Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)

Section 3(h), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Methods of Agriculture and Horticulture
Case Syngenta Crop Protection AG v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Decco Worldwide Post Harvest Holdings B.V. v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)

Section 3(i), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Methods of Medical Treatment
Doctrine Swiss-Form and Purpose-Limited Claims
Case Array Biopharma Inc v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Geron Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Hirotsu Bio Science Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Sequenom Inc v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Syngene International Limited v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Syngenta Crop Protection AG v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case The Chinese University of Hong Kong v Assistant Controller of Patents & Designs (2023)
Case Decco Worldwide Post Harvest Holdings B.V. v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Allergan Inc v Controller of Patents (2023)

Section 3(j), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Plants, Animals and Seeds
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Sequenom Inc v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Monsanto Technology LLC v Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd (2019)

Section 3(k), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Business Methods
Case BlackBerry Limited v Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Ab Initio Technology LLC v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Sequenom Inc v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Syngene International Limited v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Kroll Information Assurance LLC v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (2025)
Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Comviva Technologies v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case BlackBerry Limited v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Ab Initio Technology LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Priya Randolph v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Raytheon Company v Controller General of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case OpenTV Inc v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Ferid Allani v Union of India (2019)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Intex Technologies (India) Ltd (2015)
Case Yahoo Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2011)

Section 3(l), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Literary, Dramatic, Musical and Artistic Works

Section 3(m), Patents Act 1970

Case OpenTV Inc v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Intex Technologies (India) Ltd (2015)

Section 3(n), Patents Act 1970

Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)

Section 3(p), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Traditional Knowledge as a Bar to Patenting
Case Dhanpat Seth v Nil Kamal Plastic Crates Ltd (2007)

Section 4, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Atomic Energy Inventions
Doctrine Subject of the Claim Not an Invention
Case Huntington Alloys Corporation v Union of India (2026)
Case Ceres Intellectual Property Company Limited v Controller of Patents, Trade Marks and Designs (2022)

Section 5, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Process Patents and Product Patents
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2013)
Case Dimminaco AG v Controller of Patents and Designs (2002)
Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)

Section 5(2), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights

Section 6, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The True and First Inventor

Section 7(1A), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Patent Cooperation Treaty in Indian Practice

Section 7(3), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The True and First Inventor

Section 8, Patents Act 1970

Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case Nokia Technologies Oy v Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd (2023)
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Intex Technologies (India) Ltd (2015)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2012)

Section 8(1)(b), Patents Act 1970

Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)

Section 8(2), Patents Act 1970

Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)

Section 9, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Provisional and Complete Specifications
Doctrine Use and Publication After Provisional Specification

Section 9(4), Patents Act 1970

Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)

Section 10, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Provisional and Complete Specifications

Section 10(4), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Sufficiency of Disclosure
Doctrine The Patent Bargain: Disclosure as Consideration
Case Syngenta Ltd v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Syngenta Ltd v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Decco Worldwide Post Harvest Holdings B.V. v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2013)

Section 10(4)(a), Patents Act 1970

Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)

Section 10(4)(b), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Best Method
Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)

Section 10(4)(c), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Principles of Claim Construction
Doctrine Swiss-Form and Purpose-Limited Claims
Case Array Biopharma Inc v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Genmab A/S v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case OpenTV Inc v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Allergan Inc v Controller of Patents (2023)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)

Section 10(4)(d)(ii), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Deposit of Biological Material

Section 10(4)(d)(ii)(D), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Genetic Resources, Benefit Sharing and Disclosure of Source

Section 10(4A), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Patent Cooperation Treaty in Indian Practice

Section 10(5), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Subsidiary and Dependent Claims
Case Array Biopharma Inc v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case OpenTV Inc v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2013)

Section 10(6), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The True and First Inventor

Section 11, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Priority Dates

Section 11(2), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Fair Basis
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)

Section 11(3), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Multiple Priorities and Partial Priority
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)

Section 11A(7), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Rights Between Publication and Grant
Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights
Case Gunjan Sinha @ Kanishk Sinha v Union of India (2025)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case Ferring BV v Precise Bio Pharma Pvt Ltd (2022)
Case Novartis AG v Natco Pharma Limited (2020)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)

Section 11B, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Request for Examination
Case Ceres Intellectual Property Company Limited v Controller of Patents, Trade Marks and Designs (2022)

Section 12, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Examination and the First Examination Report
Doctrine Reasoned Orders
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)
Case Dimminaco AG v Controller of Patents and Designs (2002)
Case Ajay Industrial Corporation v Shiro Kanao (1983)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)

Section 13, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Construing the Prior Document
Doctrine Examination and the First Examination Report
Doctrine New Invention and Absolute Novelty
Doctrine The State of the Art
Case Dimminaco AG v Controller of Patents and Designs (2002)
Case Ajay Industrial Corporation v Shiro Kanao (1983)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)

Section 13(1)(a), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Anticipation by Prior Publication

Section 13(1)(b), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Anticipation by Prior Claiming
Doctrine Anticipation by Prior Publication
Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)

Section 13(2), Patents Act 1970

Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)

Section 13(4), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Invalidity as a Defence
Doctrine The Credible Challenge to Validity
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)
Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)
Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)
Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)
Case Bishwanath Prasad Radhey Shyam v Hindustan Metal Industries (1978)

Section 14, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Examination and the First Examination Report
Doctrine Reasoned Orders
Case Calico Life Sciences LLC v Joint Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)

Section 15, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Amending the Specification Before Grant
Doctrine Reasoned Orders
Doctrine The Five-Step Indian Formulation
Case Array Biopharma Inc v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc v Controller of Patents (2026)
Case Deepak Nitrite Limited v Assistant Controller General of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case BlackBerry Limited v Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Hirotsu Bio Science Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Comviva Technologies v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case BlackBerry Limited v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Priya Randolph v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Selfdot Technologies (OPC) Pvt Ltd v Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (2023)
Case Syngenta Ltd v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case The Chinese University of Hong Kong v Assistant Controller of Patents & Designs (2023)
Case Raytheon Company v Controller General of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Syngenta Ltd v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case OpenTV Inc v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Allergan Inc v Controller of Patents (2023)
Case Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Nippon A&L Inc v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Agriboard International LLC v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2022)
Case Yahoo Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2011)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)
Case UCB Farchim SA v Cipla Ltd (2010)
Case Dimminaco AG v Controller of Patents and Designs (2002)

Section 16, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Divisional Applications

Section 16(1), Patents Act 1970

Case Ab Initio Technology LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Syngenta Ltd v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Syngenta Ltd v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH v Controller of Patents (2022)

Section 17, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Priority Dates
Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)

Section 18, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Anticipation by Prior Claiming
Doctrine Priority Dates

Section 21(1), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Putting the Application in Order

Section 21(2), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Putting the Application in Order

Section 21(3), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Putting the Application in Order

Section 24A, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights

Section 24B, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights

Section 24C, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights

Section 24D, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights

Section 24E, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights

Section 24F, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights

Section 25, Patents Act 1970

Case SERGI Transformers Explosion Prevention Technologies Pvt Ltd v CTR Manufacturing Industries Ltd (2011)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)

Section 25(1), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Pre-grant Opposition
Case Dr Aloys Wobben v Yogesh Mehra (2014)
Case Gilead Sciences Inc v Intellectual Property Appellate Board (2012)
Case Yahoo Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2011)
Case Neon Laboratories v Troikaa Pharma (2010)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)
Case UCB Farchim SA v Cipla Ltd (2010)

Section 25(1)(b), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Anticipation by Prior Publication

Section 25(1)(d), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Prior Public Knowledge
Doctrine Prior Public Use

Section 25(1)(e), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Definition of Inventive Step

Section 25(1)(i), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Convention Applications

Section 25(1)(j), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Deposit of Biological Material
Doctrine Genetic Resources, Benefit Sharing and Disclosure of Source

Section 25(1)(k), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Traditional Knowledge as a Bar to Patenting

Section 25(2), Patents Act 1970

Case Panacea Biotec Limited v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (2026)
Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)
Case Dr Aloys Wobben v Yogesh Mehra (2014)
Case Neon Laboratories v Troikaa Pharma (2010)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)
Case UCB Farchim SA v Cipla Ltd (2010)

Section 25(2)(b), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Anticipation by Prior Publication
Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)

Section 25(2)(d), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Prior Public Knowledge
Doctrine Prior Public Use

Section 25(2)(e), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Definition of Inventive Step
Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)

Section 25(2)(i), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Convention Applications

Section 25(2)(j), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Deposit of Biological Material
Doctrine Genetic Resources, Benefit Sharing and Disclosure of Source

Section 25(2)(k), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Traditional Knowledge as a Bar to Patenting

Section 25(4), Patents Act 1970

Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)
Case Gilead Sciences Inc v Intellectual Property Appellate Board (2012)
Case UCB Farchim SA v Cipla Ltd (2010)

Section 27, Patents Act 1970

Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)

Section 28, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The True and First Inventor

Section 29, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Confidentiality and Novelty
Doctrine Publication or Use Without Consent
Doctrine The Anticipation Savings: Sections 29 to 34
Doctrine The State of the Art

Section 30, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Communication to Government
Doctrine The Anticipation Savings: Sections 29 to 34

Section 31, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Confidentiality and Novelty
Doctrine Exhibitions and Learned Societies
Doctrine The Anticipation Savings: Sections 29 to 34

Section 32, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Confidentiality and Novelty
Doctrine Public Working for Reasonable Trial
Doctrine The Anticipation Savings: Sections 29 to 34
Case Yahoo Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2011)

Section 33, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Anticipation Savings: Sections 29 to 34
Doctrine Use and Publication After Provisional Specification

Section 34, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Anticipation Savings: Sections 29 to 34

Section 39, Patents Act 1970

Case Selfdot Technologies (OPC) Pvt Ltd v Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (2023)

Section 40, Patents Act 1970

Case Selfdot Technologies (OPC) Pvt Ltd v Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (2023)

Section 43, Patents Act 1970

Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)

Section 43(1), Patents Act 1970

Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)

Section 43(1)(b), Patents Act 1970

Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)

Section 43(2), Patents Act 1970

Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)

Section 45, Patents Act 1970

Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)

Section 45(1), Patents Act 1970

Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)

Section 47, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Patent as a Right to Exclude
Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)
Case Garware Wall Ropes Ltd v A.I. Chopra (2008)

Section 47(1), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Government Use of Inventions
Doctrine Section 47 Conditions
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)

Section 47(2), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Government Use of Inventions
Doctrine Section 47 Conditions

Section 47(3), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Section 47 Conditions

Section 47(4), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Section 47 Conditions
Doctrine Use of Medicines and Drugs by Government

Section 48, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Principles of Claim Construction
Doctrine The Patent as a Right to Exclude
Doctrine What a Patent Is, and What It Is Not
Doctrine Without Consent and Territoriality
Case Incyte Holdings Corporation v Melody Healthcare Private Limited (2026)
Case Guala Closures SpA v AGI Greenpac Ltd (2024)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)
Case Ferring BV v Precise Bio Pharma Pvt Ltd (2022)
Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Monsanto Technology LLC v Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd (2019)
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Intex Technologies (India) Ltd (2015)
Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)
Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2012)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)
Case Garware Wall Ropes Ltd v A.I. Chopra (2008)
Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)
Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)

Section 48(1), Patents Act 1970

Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)

Section 48(2), Patents Act 1970

Case Franz Xaver Huemer v New Yash Engineers (1996)
Case Ajay Industrial Corporation v Shiro Kanao (1983)

Section 48(a), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Direct Infringement of a Product Claim
Doctrine Process Patents and Product Patents
Doctrine Rights Conferred by a Patent
Case Vifor (International) Limited v MSN Laboratories Pvt Ltd (2024)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)

Section 48(b), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Process Patents and Product Patents
Doctrine Rights Conferred by a Patent
Case Vifor (International) Limited v MSN Laboratories Pvt Ltd (2024)
Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)

Section 49, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Foreign Vessels, Aircraft and Vehicles

Section 50, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Co-ownership of a Patent
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)

Section 51, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Co-ownership of a Patent

Section 53, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Patent as Intangible, Time-Bound Property
Case Gunjan Sinha @ Kanishk Sinha v Union of India (2025)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)

Section 53(1), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Term of a Patent

Section 53(2), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Renewal Fees

Section 53(4), Patents Act 1970

Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)

Section 53(b), Patents Act 1970

Case Franz Xaver Huemer v New Yash Engineers (1996)

Section 54, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Improvements as Inventions
Doctrine Patents of Addition
Case Selfdot Technologies (OPC) Pvt Ltd v Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (2023)
Case Ravi Kamal Bali v Kala Tech (2008)

Section 55, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Patents of Addition
Case Selfdot Technologies (OPC) Pvt Ltd v Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (2023)
Case Ravi Kamal Bali v Kala Tech (2008)

Section 56, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Patents of Addition
Case Selfdot Technologies (OPC) Pvt Ltd v Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (2023)
Case Ravi Kamal Bali v Kala Tech (2008)

Section 57, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Amending the Specification Before Grant
Doctrine Amendment Before the Controller
Doctrine The Scope of Permissible Amendment
Case Panacea Biotec Limited v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (2026)
Case Kroll Information Assurance LLC v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (2025)
Case Nippon A&L Inc v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case AIA Engineering Ltd v Controller of Patents (2006)

Section 57(3), Patents Act 1970

Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)

Section 58, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Amendment Before the Controller
Doctrine The Scope of Permissible Amendment

Section 58(1), Patents Act 1970

Case Syngenta Crop Protection AG v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)

Section 59, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Amending the Specification Before Grant
Case Syngenta Crop Protection AG v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case AIA Engineering Ltd v Controller of Patents (2006)

Section 59(1), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Scope of Permissible Amendment
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Kroll Information Assurance LLC v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (2025)
Case OpenTV Inc v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Allergan Inc v Controller of Patents (2023)
Case Nippon A&L Inc v Controller of Patents (2022)

Section 62(2), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Rights Between Publication and Grant
Case Gunjan Sinha @ Kanishk Sinha v Union of India (2025)
Case Novartis AG v Natco Pharma Limited (2020)

Section 64, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Invalidity as a Defence
Doctrine The Credible Challenge to Validity
Case Arunachalaa Enterprises v R. Sukumar (2026)
Case Vifor (International) Limited v MSN Laboratories Pvt Ltd (2024)
Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Monsanto Technology LLC v Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd (2019)
Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)
Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2012)
Case SERGI Transformers Explosion Prevention Technologies Pvt Ltd v CTR Manufacturing Industries Ltd (2011)
Case UCB Farchim SA v Cipla Ltd (2010)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)
Case Garware Wall Ropes Ltd v A.I. Chopra (2008)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)
Case Dhanpat Seth v Nil Kamal Plastic Crates Ltd (2007)
Case Dimminaco AG v Controller of Patents and Designs (2002)
Case Standipack Pvt Ltd v Oswal Trading Co Ltd (1999)
Case Franz Xaver Huemer v New Yash Engineers (1996)
Case Fabcon Corporation v Industrial Engineering Corporation (1986)
Case Ajay Industrial Corporation v Shiro Kanao (1983)

Section 64(1), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Grounds of Revocation: A Map of Section 64
Case Dr Aloys Wobben v Yogesh Mehra (2014)
Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)

Section 64(1)(a), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Anticipation by Prior Claiming
Doctrine Selection Patents
Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)

Section 64(1)(d), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Subject of the Claim Not an Invention
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)
Case Monsanto Company v Coromandal Indag Products (1986)

Section 64(1)(e), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine 'Made Available to the Public'
Doctrine Adaptations, Improvements and Analogous Use
Doctrine Anticipation by Prior Publication
Doctrine Confidentiality and Novelty
Doctrine Construing the Prior Document
Doctrine Enabling Disclosure
Doctrine New Invention and Absolute Novelty
Doctrine Prior Public Knowledge
Doctrine Prior Public Use
Doctrine Selection Patents
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2013)
Case Monsanto Company v Coromandal Indag Products (1986)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)

Section 64(1)(f), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Determining Obviousness
Doctrine Expert Evidence on Obviousness
Doctrine Hindsight and Ex Post Facto Analysis
Doctrine Mosaicing
Doctrine The Definition of Inventive Step
Doctrine The Five-Step Indian Formulation
Doctrine The Workshop Improvement Standard
Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Bristol-Myers Squibb Holdings Ireland Unlimited Company v BDR Pharmaceuticals International Pvt Ltd (2020)
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2013)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2012)
Case Monsanto Company v Coromandal Indag Products (1986)
Case Surendra Lal Mahendra v Jain Glazers (1980)

Section 64(1)(g), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Lack of Utility
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)

Section 64(1)(h), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Sufficiency of Disclosure
Doctrine The Best Method
Doctrine The Patent Bargain: Disclosure as Consideration
Doctrine The Person Skilled in the Art
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)

Section 64(1)(i), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Fair Basis
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)

Section 64(1)(j), Patents Act 1970

Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2012)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)

Section 64(1)(k), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Subject of the Claim Not an Invention
Case Communication Components Antenna Inc v Ace Technologies Corp (2022)

Section 64(1)(l), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Prior Public Use
Doctrine Secret Trial and Secret Use Exceptions

Section 64(1)(m), Patents Act 1970

Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)
Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Intex Technologies (India) Ltd (2015)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2012)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)

Section 64(1)(p), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Deposit of Biological Material
Doctrine Genetic Resources, Benefit Sharing and Disclosure of Source

Section 64(1)(q), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Traditional Knowledge as a Bar to Patenting

Section 64(2), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Secret Trial and Secret Use Exceptions
Doctrine The Anticipation Savings: Sections 29 to 34

Section 65, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Atomic Energy Inventions
Case Huntington Alloys Corporation v Union of India (2026)
Case Raytheon Company v Controller of Patents and Designs (1974)

Section 67, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Register of Patents

Section 68, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Assignment
Doctrine The Patent as Intangible, Time-Bound Property
Doctrine The Register of Patents

Section 69, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Assignment
Doctrine The Register of Patents

Section 70, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Register of Patents

Section 71, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Register of Patents

Section 72, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Register of Patents

Section 74, Patents Act 1970

Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)

Section 77, Patents Act 1970

Case Neon Laboratories v Troikaa Pharma (2010)

Section 77(1)(f), Patents Act 1970

Case BlackBerry Limited v Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)
Case AIA Engineering Ltd v Controller of Patents (2006)

Section 78, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Amendment Before the Controller
Case AIA Engineering Ltd v Controller of Patents (2006)

Section 79, Patents Act 1970

Case Neon Laboratories v Troikaa Pharma (2010)

Section 80, Patents Act 1970

Case Raytheon Company v Controller of Patents and Designs (1974)

Section 83, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Purpose of the Patent Grant
Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)
Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)
Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Section 83(d), Patents Act 1970

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)

Section 83(e), Patents Act 1970

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)

Section 83(g), Patents Act 1970

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)

Section 84, Patents Act 1970

Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)
Case Franz Xaver Huemer v New Yash Engineers (1996)

Section 84(1)(a), Patents Act 1970

Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Section 84(1)(b), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Reasonably Affordable Price
Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Section 84(1)(c), Patents Act 1970

Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Section 84(6), Patents Act 1970

Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Section 84(6)(iv), Patents Act 1970

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Section 84(7), Patents Act 1970

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)
Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Section 86, Patents Act 1970

Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Section 87, Patents Act 1970

Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Section 89, Patents Act 1970

Case Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India (2023)

Section 90, Patents Act 1970

Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Section 92, Patents Act 1970

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)

Section 92(3), Patents Act 1970

Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)

Section 92A, Patents Act 1970

Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)

Section 99, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Government Use of Inventions

Section 99(1), Patents Act 1970

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)
Case Garware Wall Ropes Ltd v A.I. Chopra (2008)

Section 100, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Government Use of Inventions
Doctrine Use of Medicines and Drugs by Government
Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)

Section 100(1), Patents Act 1970

Case Garware Wall Ropes Ltd v A.I. Chopra (2008)

Section 100(4), Patents Act 1970

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)

Section 100(6), Patents Act 1970

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)

Section 104, Patents Act 1970

Case Arunachalaa Enterprises v R. Sukumar (2026)
Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)
Case Dr Aloys Wobben v Yogesh Mehra (2014)
Case Fabcon Corporation v Industrial Engineering Corporation (1986)
Case Ajay Industrial Corporation v Shiro Kanao (1983)

Proviso to section 104, Patents Act 1970

Case SERGI Transformers Explosion Prevention Technologies Pvt Ltd v CTR Manufacturing Industries Ltd (2011)
Case Fabcon Corporation v Industrial Engineering Corporation (1986)

Section 105, Patents Act 1970

Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)

Section 106, Patents Act 1970

Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)
Case Fabcon Corporation v Industrial Engineering Corporation (1986)

Section 107, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine The Grounds of Revocation: A Map of Section 64
Case Kudos Pharmaceuticals Limited v Natco Pharma Limited (2024)
Case Vifor (International) Limited v MSN Laboratories Pvt Ltd (2024)
Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)
Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)
Case Garware Wall Ropes Ltd v A.I. Chopra (2008)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)
Case Dhanpat Seth v Nil Kamal Plastic Crates Ltd (2007)
Case Hindustan Lever Ltd v Godrej Soaps Ltd (1996)
Case Franz Xaver Huemer v New Yash Engineers (1996)
Case Monsanto Company v Coromandal Indag Products (1986)
Case Ajay Industrial Corporation v Shiro Kanao (1983)

Section 107(1), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Invalidity as a Defence
Case Fabcon Corporation v Industrial Engineering Corporation (1986)

Section 107A, Patents Act 1970

Case Novartis AG v Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited (2026)

Section 107A(a), Patents Act 1970

Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)

Section 107A(b), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Parallel Imports and Exhaustion
Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)

Section 108, Patents Act 1970

Case Ferring BV v Precise Bio Pharma Pvt Ltd (2022)
Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)
Case Cipla v F Hoffmann-La Roche (2015)
Case Novartis AG v Cipla (2015)
Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2012)
Case Mariappan v A.R. Safiullah (2008)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche v Cipla (2008)
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)

Section 108(1), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Account of Profits
Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)

Section 109, Patents Act 1970

Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)

Section 111, Patents Act 1970

Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)

Section 113, Patents Act 1970

Case Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v Lava International (2024)

Section 114, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Subsidiary and Dependent Claims

Section 115, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Expert Evidence on Obviousness
Case Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation v Glenmark Pharmaceuticals (2015)
Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)

Section 116, Patents Act 1970

Case UCB Farchim SA v Cipla Ltd (2010)
Case Dimminaco AG v Controller of Patents and Designs (2002)
Case Raytheon Company v Controller of Patents and Designs (1974)

Section 117A, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Appeals from the Controller
Doctrine Writ Jurisdiction in Patent Matters
Case Array Biopharma Inc v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc v Controller of Patents (2026)
Case Calico Life Sciences LLC v Joint Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Deepak Nitrite Limited v Assistant Controller General of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case BlackBerry Limited v Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Geron Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Hirotsu Bio Science Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Syngene International Limited v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Kroll Information Assurance LLC v Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (2025)
Case Syngenta Crop Protection AG v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Comviva Technologies v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case BlackBerry Limited v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Ab Initio Technology LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents (2024)
Case Genmab A/S v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Immunas Pharma Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Priya Randolph v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Selfdot Technologies (OPC) Pvt Ltd v Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks (2023)
Case The Chinese University of Hong Kong v Assistant Controller of Patents & Designs (2023)
Case Raytheon Company v Controller General of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Syngenta Ltd v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Decco Worldwide Post Harvest Holdings B.V. v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case OpenTV Inc v Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Nippon A&L Inc v Controller of Patents (2022)
Case Yahoo Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2011)
Case Dr Snehlata C Gupte v Union of India (2010)
Case UCB Farchim SA v Cipla Ltd (2010)

Section 117A(2), Patents Act 1970

Case ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products S.A. (2026)
Case Sulzer Mixpac AG v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)
Case Ab Initio Technology LLC v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Sequenom Inc v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Caleb Suresh Motupalli v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case Agriboard International LLC v Deputy Controller of Patents and Designs (2022)

Section 117A(4), Patents Act 1970

Case Gilead Sciences Inc v Intellectual Property Appellate Board (2012)

Section 117B, Patents Act 1970

Case Gilead Sciences Inc v Intellectual Property Appellate Board (2012)

Section 117E, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Appeals from the Controller

Section 117G, Patents Act 1970

Case UCB Farchim SA v Cipla Ltd (2010)

Section 133, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Convention Applications
Doctrine The Paris Convention and Priority

Section 135, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Convention Applications
Doctrine Priority Dates
Doctrine The Paris Convention and Priority

Section 135(2), Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Multiple Priorities and Partial Priority

Section 136, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Convention Applications

Section 137, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Convention Applications

Section 138, Patents Act 1970

Doctrine Convention Applications

Section 138(4), Patents Act 1970

Case Allergan Inc v Controller of Patents (2023)

Section 146, Patents Act 1970

Case Schneider Electric Industries SA v Telemecanique & Controls (India) Ltd (2000)

Section 146(2), Patents Act 1970

Case AstraZeneca AB v Intas Pharmaceuticals Limited (2020)

Section 151, Patents Act 1970

Case Raj Parkash v Mangat Ram Chowdhry (1977)

Section 156, Patents Act 1970

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)
Case Chemtura Corporation v Union of India (2009)
Case Garware Wall Ropes Ltd v A.I. Chopra (2008)

Section 2(22), SHANTI Act 2025

Doctrine Atomic Energy Inventions

Section 3(5), SHANTI Act 2025

Doctrine Atomic Energy Inventions

Section 38, SHANTI Act 2025

Doctrine Atomic Energy Inventions

Section 91, SHANTI Act 2025

Doctrine Atomic Energy Inventions

Section 6, Statute of Monopolies 1624

Doctrine Industrial Application and 'Manner of Manufacture'
Doctrine The Origin of Patent Law in the United Kingdom

Section 21, Trade Marks Act 1940

Case Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd v Vendra Venkanna (1961)

Section 30(3), Trade Marks Act 1999

Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)

Section 31, Trade Marks Act 1999

Case Vringo Infrastructure Inc v Indiamart Intermesh Ltd (2014)
Case F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd v Cipla Ltd (2009)

Section 91, Trade Marks Act 1999

Case Sulzer Mixpac AG v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2026)

Section 92, Trade Marks Act 1999

Case Gilead Sciences Inc v Intellectual Property Appellate Board (2012)

Transfer of Property Act 1882

Doctrine The Patent as Intangible, Time-Bound Property

Tribunals Reforms Act 2021

Doctrine The Patents Act 1970 and Its Amendments
Case BlackBerry Limited v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2024)
Case Raytheon Company v Controller General of Patents and Designs (2023)
Case Dr Reddy's Laboratories Limited v Controller of Patents (2022)

Article 1, TRIPS Agreement

Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2007)

Article 7, TRIPS Agreement

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2007)

Article 8, TRIPS Agreement

Case In re Exorbitant Pricing of Life Saving Patented Medicines (2026)

Article 27, TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine TRIPS and Indian Patent Law
Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)
Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2007)

Article 27(2), TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine Public Order and Morality

Article 27(3)(a), TRIPS Agreement

Case EMD Millipore Corporation v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Natera Inc v Assistant Controller of Patents and Designs (2025)
Case Sequenom Inc v Controller of Patents (2025)
Case The Chinese University of Hong Kong v Assistant Controller of Patents & Designs (2023)

Article 27(3)(b), TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine Plants, Animals and Seeds

Article 28, TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine TRIPS and Indian Patent Law
Case Bajaj Auto Ltd v TVS Motor Company Ltd (2008)

Article 29, TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine The Patent Bargain: Disclosure as Consideration

Article 30, TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine TRIPS and Indian Patent Law
Case Sotefin SA v Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Center (2022)
Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Article 31, TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine TRIPS and Indian Patent Law
Case Bayer Corporation v Union of India (2014)

Article 31(b), TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine Government Use of Inventions

Article 31bis, TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine TRIPS and Indian Patent Law

Article 33, TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine Term of a Patent
Doctrine TRIPS and Indian Patent Law

Article 39, TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine TRIPS and Indian Patent Law

Article 62, TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine TRIPS and Indian Patent Law

Article 64, TRIPS Agreement

Case Novartis AG v Union of India (2007)

Article 70(8), TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights

Article 70(9), TRIPS Agreement

Doctrine The Mailbox and Exclusive Marketing Rights